IDIOM, PROVERB, METAPHOR

5 IDIOMS :

         1.    A Blessing In Disguise:  Sesuatu yang baik tidak diakui pada awalnya.   

         2.    A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand: Setiap orang harus menyatukan diri dan bekerja bersama-sama atau tidak akan berhasil.     

         3.    Apple of My Eye: Seseorang yang sangat dihargai. 

         4.    Curiosity Killed The Cat: Menjadi sangat ingin tahu membuat anda berada pada situasi berbahaya.

         5.    Crack Someone Up: Membuat seseorang tertawa.

5 PROVERBS :

1.      His bread is buttered on both sides         = Seperti parang bermata dua

2.     Empty case has louder sound.                  = Tong kosong nyaring bunyinya

3.     United we stand, divided we fall.              = Bersatu kita teguh, bercerai kita runtuh

4.     No rose without thorn                               = Tiada gading yang tak retak

5.     Such things bring grist to his mill             = Pucuk dicinta ulam tiba

 

5 METAPHOR :

1. Yellow card = peringatan
2. Time is money = waktu adalah uang
3. Old flame = masa lalu
4. Broken heart = patah hati
5. Boiling mad = sangat marah
   
   
   

Example of Newmark's Translation Procedure

• Transference : It is the process of transferring an SL word to a TL text. It includes transliteration and is the same as what Harvey (2000:5) named "transcription”
  
  Example  :  كُرْسِيٌّ (kursiyyun)      =  kursi                                
                           radio                            = radio

• Naturalization : It adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then to the normal morphology of the TL. (Newmark, 1988b:82)
  
  Example  :  symbol            =  simbol
                          energy             =  energi
                          calendar         =  kalender
                          serious            =  serius
                          crisis                =  krisis
                           
• Cultural Equivalent : It means replacing a cultural word in the SL with a TL one. however, "they are not accurate" (Newmark, 1988b:83)
  
  Example  :  baseball      = kasti
                         April Fools = April Mop
• Functional Equivalent :  It requires the use of a culture-neutral word. (Newmark, 1988b:83)
  
  Example  : punt      = rakit
           spatula = (alat) sudip
• Descriptive Equivalent  : In this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained in several words. (Newmark, 1988b:83)
  
  Example  : Koteka = traditionally worn by native male inhabitants of some ethnic groups in Papua to cover their genitals.
                        Bajaj    = a three-wheeled traditional vehicle which usually located in Jakarta, Indonesia. 
• Componential Analysis  : It means "comparing an SL word with a TL word which has a similar meaning but is not an obvious one-to-one equivalent, by demonstrating first their common and then their differing sense components." (Newmark, 1988b:114)
  
  Example : Once in a blue moon = sangat jarang, hampir tidak pernah                   
                        all ears = tertarik mendengar apa yang dikatakan orang
  
•  Synonymy  : It is a "near TL equivalent." Here economy trumps accuracy. (Newmark, 1988b:84)             
  
  Example : happy = glad = pleased = delighted
                        good = splendid = fine = excellent 
  

•  Through-translation : It is the literal translation of common collocations, names of organizations and components of compounds. It can also be called: calque or loan translation. (Newmark, 1988b:84)
  
  Example  : Normal School = Sekolah Normal
  The Bongolian Box = Kotak Bongolia
  
  
  Shifts or transpositions : It involves a change in the grammar from SL to TL, for instance, (i) change from singular to plural, (ii) the change required when a specific SL structure does not exist in the TL, (iii) change of an SL verb to a TL word, change of an SL noun group to a TL noun and so forth. (Newmark, 1988b:86) Example :  Cats are carnivores = kucing adalah hewan karnivora.
  
                    Nah, he's some lovesick Romeo, I guess, who hired me for another
  important mission! ( Yah, kurasa dia Romeo yang sedang jatuh cinta! Dia menugasiku misi penting!                  
• Modulation : It occurs when the translator reproduces the message of the original text in the TL text in conformity with the current norms of the TL, since the SL and the TL may appear dissimilar in terms of perspective. (Newmark, 1988b:88) Example :The laws of China govern this one-child policy. (Kebijakan satu anak ini diatur oleh hukum China. *aktif diterjemahkan menjadi pasif*
                 He broke his leg. ( Dia mematahkan kakinya.)
• Recognized translation : It occurs when the translator "normally uses the official or the generally accepted translation of any institutional term." (Newmark, 1988b:89)
  Example : UK (United Kingdom) = Britania Raya
                  EU (European Union) = Uni Eropa
  
• Compensation : It occurs when loss of meaning in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part. (Newmark, 1988b:90) Example : A pair of scissors = sebuah guntingA burning desire to share The Secret with the world consumed me. (Hasrat yang menyala-nyala untuk membagikan Rahasia kepada dunia membakar diri saya.)
  
• Paraphrase : In this procedure the meaning of the CBT is explained. Here the explanation is much more detailed than that of descriptive equivalent. (Newmark, 1988b:91)
  Example : the signal was red. (When the light was red, trains could not go.)
                   I bought some electronic cigarettes. ( with electronic cigarettes, there will be no smoky smell on your clothes or skin.)
  
• Couplets : It occurs when the translator combines two different procedures. (Newmark, 1988b:91)
  Example : China's foreign ministry denied any knowledge of G-mail being blocked. (Kementerian Luar Negeri Cina membantah pihaknya mengetahui G-mail diblokir.)
  
  Rainer took Best Actress for "The Great Ziegfeld'' in 1936 followed by "The Good Earth'' in 1937. (Dilahirkan di Wina, ia menghabiskan sebagian besar hidupnya di Inggris. Rainer meraih Aktris Terbaik untuk "The Great Ziegfeld'' pada 1936 disusul oleh "The Good Earth'' pada 1937.)
• Notes : Notes are additional information in a translation. (Newmark, 1988b:91)
• Example : Stonhenge is the place to go for tourist and druids. NB : The Druids were priests who carried out religious rituals in Iron Age Britain. The family of a man suspected of murdering a 22-year-old woman in an act of cannibalism says it is in "shock". NB : cannibalism is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings.